The Need to Disobey

The Need to Disobey Both Antigone by Sophocles and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† (â€Å"LBJ†) by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) are stories which portray the theme of civil disobedience. Antigone is a play written by Sophocles that takes place in Thebes, Greece. Antigone arrives in Thebes and learns that both of her brothers died in war. Her brother Etocles has been given a proper burial while Creon, the King of Thebes, refuses to bury her other brother Polynices because he was a traitor. Antigone chooses to break the law and buries her brother, and gets caught.Despite the pleas of Antigone and Haemon, Creon’s son and Antigone’s fiance, Creon sentences Antigone to death by live burial and starvation. Feeling that it is a better option than taking the sentence, Antigone hangs herself, and when Haemon finds her, he kills himself out of despair. Queen Eurydice, Haemon’s mother and Creon’s wife, kills herself with a sharp knife. Creon is l eft in sorrow and distress when he too late finds that he has made a fatal mistake. On the other hand, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is an essay written by MLK that he wrote in the city jail in Birmingham, Alabama.He had been arrested for parading without a permit during his non-violent protest against racial segregation. His letter is addressed to the â€Å"fellow clergymen† who criticized his work. Both writings have a character who defies the civil law because it breaks the moral law. However, the writings are also different in many ways. Overall, MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is better than Sophocles’ Antigone. Firstly, â€Å"LBJ† is better than Antigone because the theme is portrayed in a more positive and successful way.In Antigone, it is clear that civil disobedience brought Antigone to an untimely death as Creon finds out, â€Å"Too late, too late you see what justice means† (p. 124, l. 1400-1401). Though Antigone fully disobeys Creon ’s law by burying her brother, her actions are not successful and lead to her death instead of her triumph. Only after she dies, Creon realizes that she did it for a just cause, but he is unable to turn back time and is left in despair. However, MLK is more successful in addressing the problem before it is too late, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† (pp. , p. 1). MLK explains that the injustice of racial prejudice he sees in the South cannot be ignored because, even if one is not part of it, it is morally wrong and unacceptable. MLK makes a more direct point that civil disobedience is necessary, and he is more effective in directly influencing the people around him, while in the play Antigone, Antigone is unable to influence Creon. â€Å"LBJ† is not only more successful in carrying out the theme, but is also more credible than Antigone. Since it is more credible, â€Å"LBJ† is better than Antigone.Antigone is a play that takes pl ace in Ancient Greece, â€Å"Land of Thebes, city of all my fathers –† (p. 107, l. 1027). Though Antigone has had a tremendous impact on society, the play itself is undeniably fictional and the events in it did not actually take place. The main character, Antigone, is also fictional and was made up by Sophocles to show his point on civil disobedience. On the other hand, â€Å"LBJ† is an essay written about true events by someone who was experiencing the injustice firsthand, â€Å"I am in Birmingham because injustice is here† (pp. 3, p. ). MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is clearly a nonfictional writing and is therefore much more credible and can be referenced to as a primary source in history. MLK himself is still known to be one of the most important figures in American history and his writings are a very credible source as to why he took part in civil disobedience. â€Å"LBJ† is not only more credible, but is also does a better job in persuading the reader. The writing style of â€Å"LBJ† makes it easier to understand and therefore better than Antigone because it uses more logos rather than pathos arguments.When Antigone appeals to Creon, she uses the argument â€Å"I was born to join in love, not hate – that is my nature† (p. 86, l. 590 – 591). Though this argument is not completely invalid, it is weak because it cannot help Antigone when it comes to the law, which does not change because of people’s emotional natures. Her pathos arguments did not appeal to Creon, who insists she disobeyed the law and should receive just punishment. Another factor of the play is that it is written in dialogue which is sometimes difficult to understand and follow Antigone and Haemon’s arguments.However, MLK is much more logical in his approach to the issue he is dealing with, â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 2, p. 2). By explaining the steps to his camp aign, MLK shows that the actions he took were perfectly necessary and logical. After going into detail about each of the four steps, MLK proves that what he did was justified by logos arguments. Additionally, the writing style of MLK’s essay is very methodical and is written in modern English. However, when examining the impact of each of these works, another very important point puts â€Å"LBJ† above Antigone. LBJ† is more relatable to modern society than Antigone, which makes it better. Some of the ideas used in Antigone are no longer relevant to modern society, which is evident when Antigone speaks about her brother’s burial rites, â€Å"Hasn’t Creon graced one with all the rites, disgraced the other? † (p. 60, l. 27). Though burial is still important in modern times, it had a bigger significance in Ancient Greece because they believed that not being buried meant that the person would be in eternal unrest instead of being allowed into Hade s.Therefore, the reason for Antigone’s disobedience is more difficult to understand for modern people. However, MLK says, â€Å"Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear-drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 4, p. 12). The reason for MLK’s disobedience is much easier to understand as the issue of racial segregation is still present in modern society. It is easier to see MLK’s direct impact on modern society than Sophocles’ indirect way of impacting society.This is evident as MLK writes about a â€Å"not too distant tomorrow†, which is now because the essay was written in 1963. In these ways, â€Å"LBJ† is more relatable to modern society. Therefore, since it portrays the theme better, is more credible, is easier to understand, and more relatable in modern times, MLK’s â€Å"LBJ† is better than Sophocle’s Antigone. Another example of civil disobedience in history was in Mahatma Gandhi. Just like Antigone and King, he used nonviolent protest in an attempt to liberate the Indian people from British control.He first led peaceful protests against excessive land taxes and reached out to including all religious groups. Later, his success was evident after he assumed leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921 and led nationwide campaigns for many national issues. Above all, his main goal and reason for his peaceful protest was to achieve independence of India from British domination, which was against the law and a great example of civil disobedience. His actions resemble those of MLK and Antigone, and he was even looked up to by MLK as a role model in peaceful protest, making him the prime example of civil disobedience.

Hindu Rate of Reform Essay

The License Raj In 1947, India had already developed all the institutions of a modern market Economy. Right after Independence, Extensive government control began . Firms in the formal economy became completely dependent on government approvals for the most basic business decisions. Regulations in one area interacted with those in another to give teeth to the regulatory system. Thus, the reforms needed were not just a matter of freeing prices and trade, but were a task of undoing a complex system of controls that moved the economy faraway from allocational efficiency, created numerous rents and vested interests, and was grounded in numerous pieces of legislation and institutions. Prior to the reforms started in July 1991, India had one of the world’s most controlled investment regimes, a severely license restricted trade regime with very high import tariffs, regulated agriculture, tightly regulated labor and capital deployment. Reform in the 1980s Unlike 1966, Indian engagement with the IMF succeeded in 1981 and a number of reforms were implemented during the 1980s. Relaxation of controls over capacity utilization, imports of capital goods and spare parts, Efficiency gains, liberalization of the trucking industry. By the end of the decade, the central government fiscal deficit increased rapidly, to 8. 5 percent of GDP at its peak in 1986-87, a level never reached since and the debt to GDP ratio reached levels from which it has not yet recovered. Indian Reforms, 1991-2001 A new Government came to power on June 21, 1991 and its most important short-term priority was to avoid defaulting on India’s external obligations. The outcome of these ten years of reform is that India has opened to the world economy. Except for restrictions on foreign investment in retail, India now has a competitive foreign investment regime. The financial sector has likewise seen the introduction of numerous reforms. Banks’ discretion over the allocation of funds has increased, and incentives for the efficient use of funds improved. the exchange rate of the rupee and the liberalization of capital flows have also reformed gradually. As a result of all the measures taken over the decade, India now has a much less regulated economy in terms of Agriculture; telecommunication, fdi outflows International trade has become an increasingly important part of the economy, and in many respects the globalization of India’s economy is accelerating. The agenda of 2002 included overcoming severe structural impediments preventing faster growth, in addition to the fiscal deficit like difficulties encountered in the reform of India’s power sector; the fiscal relations between the central and state governments. As opposed to most reforms in the world, India was able to introduce major policy changes without large fluctuations in income or consumption. It maintained almost continuous improvements in living standards throughout the decade. Inflation has declined to its lowest level in decades, and the real exchange rate has been reasonably stable. Social indicators like illiteracy and infant mortality have continued to improve. Conclusion On the whole, India should be regarded as a successful, yet gradual reformer. Gradualism has yielded two enormous benefits to India. First, the avoidance of premature liberalization of the capital account prevented India being exposed to contagion in the Asian crisis. Second, the Hindu rate of reform has allowed time for the Indian democratic polity to buy into the reform program. Will reforms continue in the future? Political dynamics of the country impact the implememtation of reforms massively, hence they are bound to remain vulnerable to the varied pressures of India’s complex political scene. But it is reasonable to hope that reforms will continue, although with stops and starts and varied support from parties in power and opposistion, at a reasonable rate.

Case study 2-2 Essay Example for Free (#2)

Case study 2-2 Essay Case Project 2-2 I would determine whether an investigation is required for this type of situation. I would make am initial assessment about the case that I will be investigating. Meanwhile, determining the type a design of approach for this particular case. I would then estimate the time of each step, when the check was issued and as the amount. I would ask Jonathan to interview the other individual who has access to the company’s accounting program. I would review the company computer as well as the accounting program and see if there are any significant documents; which would including the company checkbook and ledger, as well as contact the bank for the most current bank statement. Any type of information pertaining or related to that particular check, which was issued during that time. However, if cleared, then further investigation has to be done. I would examine that employee’s email for anything suspicious as well as surveillance cameras within that office. I would also study the suspects work habits as well. I would ask Jonathan to locate and itemized any details of the subcontractor’s job amounting to $10,750 and the facts of the check for the amount $12,750. I would try to find the facts of the $2,000 difference, if available by comparing bank statements, and the accounting program. I will inform him to be very watchful of any relevant information that may eventually be evidence in this type of criminal case, which could be employee theft or embezzlement. If this other person beside Jonathan is involved in this crime and not being an  accounting error, has taken place, I would recommend Jonathan to allow me to further my investigation with this company. Case study 2-2. (2016, Apr 11). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Chinese Businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Chinese Businesses - Essay Example Over the centuries, these socio-economic affiliations helped ties the Chinese and Filipino in a strong spirit of affinity. In the 21st century, mutual trade and investments provide a solid pillar in the long-standing, friendly relations between the two nations (Philippine Embassy Beijing 2004). In Singapore, there was a phenomenal influx of Chinese migrants during the nineteenth century. Multitudes of Chinese migrants filled the island for commerce and work with the institution of Singapore as a colony of Britain in 1819 (Ee 1961). During this time, secret societies emerged that Chinese migrants became associated with. These secret societies contributed to the development of Chinese businesses in Singapore in early days. Chen (2001) narrated that around 60 million Chinese people have built communities in countries other than China. They cover a range of ethnic and linguistic subdivisions bound by their common origin, and are collectively known as the Overseas Chinese (Weidenbaum 1996). Although rather small in terms of the entire population of their host countries, they play a vital role in the economic setting of South East Asia, where they dominate a majority of the firms' wealth in the region (Yeung, 1996). According to Tsang (2002 p. ... Most of them are into small and medium enterprises; however, play a significant role in the economy of the Philippines. Some of these entrepreneurs hold large companies and are valued as some of the most well-known Philippine' business tycoons. According to Wong (1985), the traditional Chinese family business (CFB) is "a small-scale, domestically oriented, form of business organization that originated in China several hundred years ago and was dispersed throughout South East Asia by emigrating Chinese minorities in the 19th and 20th centuries". Shapiro and Erdener (2003) modernly called them as the Chinese family enterprise (CFE) in which they defined as "the larger, internationally active, family-owned Overseas Chinese enterprise that evolved from the traditional CFF outside China". Yeung (1999, pp.106-11) narrated that some of CFB turned into CFE that have become famous international conglomerates are Fortune Tobacco under Lucio Tan in the Philippines and the Far East Organization under Ng Teng Fong in Singapore. "Among the Overseas Chinese, family business was evolving in new directions that deviated from tradition and paved the way for international expansion". As they internationally expand, CFEs typically created powers and capabilities in their host markets as the basis for competitive advantages in the foreign country environment. In some South East Asian countries where ethnic discrimination is at large by the dominant cultural group, the CFB expanded their business network beyond the family. This led them to form unions with national governments. The main advantages of the CFE based on characteristics over other form of business structures are listed below. According to Chen (1995), the main lead of the CFE is its capacity to grab commercial portals of

Current Events discussion in the Technology or Security Arena Assignment

Current Events discussion in the Technology or Security Arena - Assignment Example Meanwhile, the Pentagon reported that no sensitive information was on the social site. US authorities affirmed that no classified information is ever posted on the social site. Authorities also confirmed that the hackers did nothing much except to take control of the Megaphone (Clarion Project 1). The incident lasted for 40 minutes, during which the ISIS bragged and issued threat the best way it could. The fact that computer systems can be hacked remotely is not a new phenomenon except that it is a big question which system is hacked. Online companies have found themselves dragged into wars that many of them are hardly prepared. The fact that many social websites allow users to post on their walls or those of others, it seems that a security breach portal is always open for manipulation. That implies that such limited permission encryption for posting on another user’s wall can be de-encrypted in part for hacking. In a related incident, the problem of system security, particularly cyber security, is now being treated with the seriousness it deserves. Governments have realized that as long as they are going to use some of the services offered by social media, the have to protect them. Such protection may imply formulating new laws that regulate what is to be released to the public. While responding to questions, Cameron hinted that given the present of terrorism, it is important that governments wake up to the realization that the digital era requires monitoring of communications (Horsley 1). The specific security question that came out was the observation that social media companies, for instance, Facebook and Google, are offering high-tech encryption technology. Cameron observes that by offering unbreakable codes, social media companies are putting security of citizens in risk. That is because terrorists can manipulate such codes for

Crime Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime Theories - Assignment Example The paper outlines why the theory chosen could be recognized as the most relevant in terms of being a cause of digital crime. The paper concludes with two examples of non-digital crimes that could be considered caused by this same theory. Self-control is a theory that has been suggested to digital crime research. This theory was established by Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson in the 1990s, A General Theory of Crime. It considers the causes of crime as an out of control action and that individuals respond to this coercion merely when they have a low self-control (Cullen & Agnew, 2006). In reference to their book, A General Theory of Crime, the authors illustrate the significant attributes that classify people with or lack of self-control (Hirschi, & Gottfredson, 1990). People with low-self control are irresponsible, insensible, material in place of mental, risk takers, thoughtless and non-verbal, and they will be inclined to take part in crime and corresponding actions (Hirschi, & Gottfredson, 1990). Individuals with attributes of low self-control are known to take part in abnormal actions since they desire to achieve burning fulfillment and pleasure. On the other hand, people with self control have the ability to slow down their burning fulfillment needs. These people are associated with certain positive attributes. These include the following. They are cautious, sentimental, vocal and thoughtful (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1990). People with self-control know the outcomes of taking part in abnormal actions like crime in general and have the power to stop or slow down their fulfillment needs. Ultimately, individuals with low self-control have features that lead them to committing crime, like digital crime. This selected theory is the most applicable cause of digital crime. This is due to the fact that, digital platforms have elements that can lure many people to seeking gratification upon

Community Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Assessment - Assignment Example Generally the community in the county is composed of low-income earners with limits ranging from 15,350 dollars and 77,100 dollars (Wise et al., 2008). The median income is 46, 844 dollars. This constitutes low income compared to other areas in the United States. Domestic violence is dominant due to the fact that most of the population is low-income earners and engage in the use of drugs especially tobacco; these are likely to cause conflicts. There is little of importance from these issues than there are problems. The county is largely rural, and most people face health and education problems and thus cannot make well-informed decisions that better their wellbeing. Drug use, poor health status, and unplanned pregnancies are just examples of how the decision-making mechanism among the community members is negatively influenced. Discrimination affects mostly non-native Americans; they undergo the highest unemployment rate, lowest annual income, worst education, highest functional illi teracy rates, and highest death rate. Notably, El Paso County like many other communities has not yet constituted an efficient system to assess the presence and impacts of domestic violence and child maltreatment. Women and children under the age of 12 form the greatest percentage of victims of domestic violence, which results in about 2 million injuries and almost 1,300 deaths. In fact, an intimate or former spouse commits about a half of murders occurring in the community and the victims are mostly female. Moreover, 17 children were killed for the period of 2000-2005 during a domestic violence associated incident (Eaves, 2010). The target population for domestic violence cases is 14,726 that forms the number of cases filed in Colorado Law Courts in 2005 and classified as domestic violence oriented. The El Paso County Sherriff’s Office and Colorado Springs Police Department responded to about

Explicative Style Paper on The Lack of Islam in American Public Term

Explicative Style on The Lack of Islam in American Public Schools and the Struggle of Muslim's to gain their own American - Term Paper Example These include the assimilation degree of the Muslims into society, national identity, and religious and civil law inter-relation. One avenue for finding a balance between security and identity issues with diversity tolerance in the society. The United States’ ideal, contending â€Å"out of many, one†, has assured that Muslims can participate in the maintenance and improvement of America as a culturally pluralistic democracy (Moore 286). However, the question arises as to the effects of the war on terror on American assimilation of Islam, both in the education system and society. This paper will argue that there is wanting progress on assimilating Islam into the education system while the formation of an Islamic-American identity is a struggle. The Lack of Islam in American Public Schools Religious illiteracy among American teachers has made it likely that teachers in the system will harbor generalizations and prejudices concerning Islam, which hinder the attempts to acc ommodate Islam in the education system (Aown 1257). Such bodies have long identified the basic requirements that Muslims need to uphold their Islamic faith in public schools as the Council on Islamic Education. These bodies have also raised vital issues that need to be on Islam and State that have now become difficult for public schools resolve. However, some of the state sponsored schools have found it difficult to make some of the accommodations that have been identified. At the heart of this issue is the extent to which the requirements and needs of Islam can be represented in the education system. Another issue that has held accommodation back is the failure of the teachers to understand whether the First Amendment’s establishment clause, prohibits the American state from accommodating religious groups to exercise freely. The religious belief requirement in the First Amendment’s free exercise clause could cause friction with the establishment clause when the studen t wants to practice his/her beliefs in a public school (Aown 1258). The teaching fraternity must ensure that the requirement for belief not to be hindered must be in balance with sensitivity not to give overwhelming state support for specific beliefs (Aown 1259). Some Americans are of the belief that, as long as support by the state is not preferential, then it is all right, whereas others believe that state support is not acceptable. However, it is possible to make thoughtful and sensitive accommodations easily without raising any questions to do with the constitution. For example, it may be possible to allow Muslim students for them to wear modest clothes, or even allow them to skip some social activities without any violation of school policies. In addition, some schools allow Muslim students to be absent for some religious holidays, although this is not widespread. While this accommodation may be considered a reasonable accommodation, some teachers resist it, mostly because they do not understand Islam and the importance of these holidays. Accordingly, some local district and state schools have been criticized for refusing to assent to these holidays (Aown 1259). This can be improved by placing Islamic holidays together with holidays for other religions for teachers to plan on the school calendar. While some schools have began to implement excusal policies that let Muslim

Business study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business study - Essay Example This paper evaluates the effect that the European Union has on employee relations in the EU member states and specifically the United Kingdom. Organizations and HRM specialists have to realize that laws formulated at the EU level are superior to the domestic laws of the member states. This is relevant to employment legislation just as much as legislation in every other area. What is encouraging is that the EU incorporates the bodies that are tasked with formulating policies in the member states in the making of legislations that affect all the member states. Of course, the British government can continue to make any social and employment laws that it wants to implement domestically if they do not undermine the requirements laid down by the EU law (Morris, Willey, & Sachdev, 2002). Starting from the late 1950s, the European Union has developed with stages of great activity followed by times of standstill. In essence, the Maastricht Treaty of 1991, which altered the issue of the European Economic Community to the European Union, marked the start of an active phase towards a deeper and bigger Europe. In 1992, the European Economic Area was characterized by accord on eastern expansion and 1995 saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden becoming fully pledged members of the EU. The Intergovernmental Conference (ICG) came into effect in March 1996, and agreed at Maastricht to offer prolongation of this active phase (Timming, 2007). The ICG is tasked with a triple mandate of reforming the EU decision-making and organizations, extending EU responsibility for mutual foreign and defence policies, and enhancing collaboration on immigration, safe haven, military and other home affairs matters. At the same breath, the EU needs to go on with balancing common financial interests with national and sectorial economic interests. Central to the achievement of political

Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizations - Research Paper Example Progas is also a product for the organization. Natural gas is also an important product for the company. Apart from natural gas, the London based organization has products like Petroleum, Motor Fuels, and Petrochemical and aviation fuels. In 2013 revenue of the organization was US$ 396.217 billion. As far as the revenue of the organization is concerned it is the fifth largest organization in the industry. The company is vertically integrated. BP over the years has done multidimensional works in the industry. The organization is engaged with exploration, production, distribution, and refining, trading and power generation. BP is public limited company and shares of the organizations are traded in London Stock exchange, New York Stock exchange and Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Political and economic factors are the two key factors as far as the external environment of the organization is concerned. The organization has multinational presence. Political stability is significantly important for the company (Ulph, 2011, pp. 45-47). Political situations of the different countries vary from each other. Political situation of USA is significantly different from the same of Somalia and Pakistan. When the organization takes any project overseas, it involves lots of human resources, finances and technologies. Political instability can be a significant matter of concern for the organization. Global political unrests can delay the projects of BP. It can be a significant barrier to success as far as the financial results are concerned. Global economic situation is also a key external factor for the company. If the economic situation of the world is sluggish then revenue of the organization can decline because sales figure of the organization will decline due to sluggish economic situations. On the other hand if the global economy is doing well then demands of the energy products will

Black Americans Essay Example for Free

Black Americans Essay Firstly black Americans faced problems in the south because of lynching and the Jim Crow Laws. Lynching meant that racist white Americans would put the law into their own hands and punish black people whenever they please. They would hang the victim from a tree. In 1897 123 black people were lynched in the south, 84 in 1903 and 61 in 1921. The police would turn a blind eye and made no effort to stop lynching from happening. Even though slavery ended in 1865 black people faced the threat of violence, intimidation and racial discrimination on almost a daily bases. The Jim Crow Laws were created to keep whites and coloured people away from each other. The Jim Crow Laws covered all the aspects of life. Black Americans were stopped from using the same restaurants, hotels, libries, taxis, and even cemeteries. If black people wanted to vote the Jim Crow Law made them have to pass a difficult literacy test and they would have to pay high taxes. Nearly 2million black Americans moved from the southern states to the north in hope of a better life. This was called the Great Migration They thought they would be able to escape the Jim Crow Laws and racism as a whole, they wanted to go to the north for a better chance at jobs and education but little did they know. Secondly black Americans faced problems in the south because of the KKK. The KKK stands for the Ku Klux Klan; they were a racist group and were part of a secret society. The leader of the KKK in the 1920’s was a dentist called Hiram Wesley Evans whose name in the KKK was Imperial Wizard. Only WASP’s could belong to the KKK- White Anglo Saxon Protestants. The KKK targeted blacks mainly, but they also hated Jews, Catholics and Liberals but there main focus was poor black families that were very vulnerable. 5 million white Americans joined the KKK between 1920 to 1925. Most members where poor white people because they were afraid that black people would take over their jobs. Some of the KKK members were judges, policemen and lawyers. They would dress in white sheets and white hoods to cover their identities. The KKK used a variety of different methods such as intimidation, murders, raping, whipping, lynching, castration and tar burning. The Black Americans tried to fight back using non-violent methods. The NAACP -National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People- asked the president for new laws to help combat the KKK violence but received very little results. In the 1920’s Black Americans started to turn to the ‘Back to Africa’ movement which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and sent to prison. In 1926 membership of the KKK dropped from 2million to 300,000 people. Lastly black Americans faced problems in the north because there was still racism around. Black people would be sent to live in the worst parts of the poorest cities. They were last to be hired and first to be fired from any jobs that they could get their hands on. Factory owners in northern cities knew that huge numbers of black people knew how to work well because of the slavery era. So they sent people down South to encourage them to take jobs in their factories up North with promises of good salaries. They wanted to add to the pool of white workers to keep down wages. So the black workers were encouraged to move North to compete with white workers. The white workers did not welcome the black workers with open arms because they naturally saw them as a threat. The black workers were willing to work for less money at least at first. So this led to racial tension. The white Americans refused to accept black members to protect the jobs. Another thing was that white neighbourhoods did not want poor black people and the problems that came with them moving into their neighbourhoods. It was a bad situation all around and led to much racial issues and even race riots These are the problems black people faced in the USA during the 1920s.

Cezannes Apple Notes and Quotes Essay Example for Free

Cezannes Apple Notes and Quotes Essay Schapiro’s psychoanalytic approach, that is, his search for the underlying meaning and relevance to the painting, * Thesis: While Schapiro’s argument shows a well-considered analysis of the artist’s life as a source of interpretation of Cezanne’s work, much of it is based on suggestion and fantasy. As in all historical interpretation, Cezanne’s work should be viewed within the context of the artist’s historical and biographical framework, but with a formalist analysis of the works that enables the viewer to interpreted not only their personal value, but their intended communication. riticism of Cezannes art cannot and, I believe, should not be limited by critical schools of thought. Also, though perhaps it has been the nature of critics to make vastly differentiating interpretations of Cezanne’s work, both forms of analysis add to the richness of the dialogue that can expand one’s preconceived notions of the work and widen the scope of understanding and perspective. Contrary to views of critics such as Roger Fry whose formalist analysis deduces Cezanne’s works as only a problem of form and color, Schapiro seeks more symbolist meaning within the subject matter chosen by the artist. * Schapiro argues that the objects placed within the still-life display â€Å"a game of an introverted personality who has found for his art of representation an objective sphere in which he feels self-sufficient, masterful, free from disturbing other spheres. Schapiro believes that fruit is never the theme, rather, they are a symbol of his emotion and personal concerns. * Schapiro makes the case against a purely formal interpretation: â€Å"It might be supposed that in still-life painting the meaning of the work is merely the sum of the denotation of the separate parts, yet there may be connotations and a comprehensive quality arising from the combined objects and made more visible and moving through the artistic conception. (i. e. black clock 1870, still w. compotier 79-82, blue vase 83-85, still w. cupid 95, or pples and oranges 95) There is in still like a unity of things like the unity of a scene of action, one must recognize the context of the objects in reality, their connection with a mood or interest or type of occasion. (24) * Cannot look at these as purely sexual, an element in a painting serves more than one function. Apples could be chosen means of emotional detachment and self-control, the fruit providing an objective field of colors, and sensuous richness lacking in his earlier passionate art and not fully realized in his later nude pa intings. Sexual displacement could be an unconscious factor. Certainly, Cezanne has a strange relationship with the human figure in his earlier works. In his early works, sexual gratification is directly displayed or implied. A modern Olympia (1873), Bacchanal, and his other pictures of the nudes show that he could not convey his feeling for women without anxiety. In his painting of the nude woman, where he does not produce an old work, he is most often constrained or violent. there is no middle ground of simple enjoyment. In Leda and the Swan, the writer argues that it is a striking instance of the defusing of a sexual theme through replacement of a figure by still-life objects. Cezannes fruit is not yet fully part of human life. Suspended between nature and use, it exists as if for contemplation alone. (25) In Cezannes painting of landscape, too, and sometimes of the human being, we recognize the same distinctive distance from action and desire. He seems to realize a philosophers concept of aesthetic perception as a pure will-less knowing. * The still-life objects bring to awareness the complexity of the phenomenal and the subtle interplay of perception and artifice in representation. (19) Still-life engages the painter in a st eady looking that discloses new and elusive aspects of the stable object. At first commonplace, it may becomes in the course of that contemplation a mystery, a source of metaphysical wonder. (20) Still-life calls out a response to an implied human presence. The represented objects, in their relation to us, acquire meanings from the desires they satisfy as well as from their analogies and relations to the human body They are a symbol or heraldry of a way of life. (23) * Yet, though the nature of the Apples seems to deserve far richer analysis of simple line and form, the use of apples as a restraint of Cezanne’s â€Å"morbid fantasies† (29), seems to evoke some fantastical properties of its own. * Apple as a displaced erotic interest? Apple has erotic sensesymbol of love, an attribute of Venus and a ritual object in marriage ceremonies. The apple is a natural analogue of ripe human beauty (6). Philostatus, Greek writer of 200 AD, describes a painting of Cupids gathering apples in a garden of Venus, which serve as the source of Titians painting of the cult of Venus, and indirectly Rubens picture of putti carrying a parland of the fruit. * Apples (1875) For Cezanne, the apple is equivalent to the human figure. He could project typical relations of human beings as well as qualities of the larger visible worldsolitude, contact, accord, conflict, serenity, abundance and luxuryand even states of elation and enjoyment. * In passing from the painting of fantasies to the discipline of observation, Cezanne made of colorthe principle of art allied to sensuality and pathos in romantic painting but underdeveloped in his own early pictures of passionthe beautiful substance of stable, solid object-forms and a deeply coherent structure of the composition. It is extremely doubtful that he could have reached his goal had he followed Delacroix in his choice of subjects. But in the self-chastening process, the painting of still-lifeas latent symbol and intimate tangible realitywas, perhaps more than his other themes, a bridge between his earlier and his later art. (33)

Creating And Maintaining Stability In Ecosystem

Creating And Maintaining Stability In Ecosystem Ecosystem is a distinct space on earth where community of living organism including flora and fauna interact with the abiotic elements like air, water and soil as a system. The interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem is linked together through energy flows and nutrient cycles. Biologists define biodiversity as the totality of species, genes and ecosystems of a region. This encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity and the ecosystem diversity. Traditionally, the term was used to communicate the species richness of an area. The latter definition of biodiversity is used in this essay. The word stability is defined in detail in the relevant section. In broad terms, ecosystem stability is the capability of the ecosystem to return to its equilibrium state after a disruption. The essay tries to identify the ecosystem function, which should be the indicator to demonstrate the stability of the ecosystem. This document also studies the effect of various biodiversity factors, which can modify the stability of ecosystem. Framework for the Ecological Functions of Biodiversity Organisms in an ecosystem service themselves and carry out certain other functions, which benefit other organisms of the community. These functions are the ecological functions of biodiversity. These ecological functions are classified into four categories depending on the complexity of the services provided by these organisms. Complexity level 1: Functions performed primarily by Individual Organism Primary Production Energy fixed in the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis is called Primary Production. In photosynthesis sunlight is used as the source of energy and is fixed as carbohydrates, proteins fats and other organic compounds needed by all herbivores. In Chemosynthesis, oxidation or reduction of chemical compounds like that of sulpher is used for energy fixation. Variety of primary producers existing in an ecosystem has a direct influence in the diversity of herbivores, carnivores and detritivores in the ecosystem. Symbiotic associations among organisms can sometime increase Primary production. Oxygen Production Oxygen production is one important function of biodiversity. The primary producers produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Oxygen is required for respiration of aerobic biota and decomposition by detritivores. Oxygen is also required for Earths protective ozone shield. Sequestering of Carbon Dioxide Many organisms in the ecosystem does the function of removal of carbon dioxide from the earths atmosphere. They also help in removal of carbon dioxide from soil and water by process such as precipitation of calcium salts or amassing of organic deposits. Marine life like charophytes use carbon dioxide to make limestone plates; protozoans absorb dissolved carbon dioxide to create coral reefs; trees, shrubs and herbs use atmospheric carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. Herbivory Herbivorous animals eat primary producers. Herbivory is the function of Herbivorous animals. Herbivorous organisms serve the function of feeding carnivorous animals and thus maintain the food chain and food web of the ecosystem. Carnivory Carnivorous animals eat other animals. Carnivory is the function of Carnivorous animals. The carnivorous organisms functions as the balancing force to regulate the population of the herbivorous organisms in an ecosystem. The trophic structures of an ecosystem would be simplified significantly if there are fewer carnivorous animals. Control of Erosion Erosion Control is a function provided by plants in a terrestrial ecosystem. The root growth of plants prevents soil erosion. Accumulation of litter and organic remnants of the plants helps in retaining and recycling nutrients. Consequently, the rate of soil build up will be faster than the erosion rate and thus control erosion. Aquatic plants play a vital role in the control of erosion in estuaries, riverine and marine ecosystem. Complexity level 2: Functions involving interactions among low numbers of different kinds of organisms Population Moderation Herbivores, Carnivores and Parasites deliver the function of population moderation in an ecosystem. Human species is the only species that could develop methods to control disease, parasites and predators selectively. This control measures has resulted in the elimination of natural method of population moderation for those selected species. Dispersal and Migration Dispersal/ Migration is an ecological function of organisms. The tendency of an organism to move away from its birth site is called natal dispersal and from its breeding site is called breeding dispersal. The seeds and spores normally undergo passive dispersal using agents such as wind, birds, animals etc. This process of dispersal facilitates the development of new adaptive variants, which could re-colonize and restore, an already destroyed or highly modified natural ecosystem. Migration is a mass directional movement of large numbers of organisms from one location to another. This is a tactical response to overcrowding in an unpredictable environment, which affect the survival. Migration can provide ecological links between different habitats. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a close and long-term, interaction between different species. These interractions may be mutually beneficial and the degree of benefit for each species is varied. Symbiosis is an ecological function of biodiversity. Pollination is one area where symbiosis is very evident. The pollinating agents like insects and birds pollinate different kinds of flowering plants. The plants respond to this by evolving different flowering-time sequence, floral fragrances and markings. The reduction in any one of the symbiotic species can reduce the possibility of new symbiosis and new life forms. Fragmentation of habitat, pollution and usage of pesticides affect symbiosis. This has resulted in extinction of many species of organisms in the ecosystem. Complexity level 3: Functions involving interactions among large numbers of different organisms Bioturbation Bioturbation is the activity of reworking of soils and sediments by flora and fauna of the habitat. This is a ecological function essential to maintain the quality of the abiotic ecosystem. Bioturbation affects the texture of sediments, bioirrigation, displacement of abiotic particles and microorganisms. The growth of roots, tunneling by worms, burrowing by animals, ingestion and defecation of sediment grains, infilling of abandoned dwellings displace sediment grains and modify the sediment composition. Climate Moderation Climate moderation is an ecological function of biodiversity. Climate affects the biodiversity of an ecosystem and the biodiversity affects the climate of the ecosystem. Macroclimate of a region is an abiotic factor, which affects the biodiversity of the region. The flora and fauna of a desert habitat is quite different from that of the tropical rain forests. This is especially true before establishing the vegetation in the region. Once the vegetation is established, the ecosystem will start influencing the climate. The transpiration from forest canopies and other vegetation can increase atmospheric humidity which can influence the rainfall. Plants have an important effect on the microclimate of an ecosystem. Trees and shrubs affect the shade and humidity, which can affect the other biodiversity of the area. Decomposition Decomposition is an essential function to ensure natural recycling of residues of life. Decomposition requires oxygen. Primary detritivorous organisms consume free organic molecules and metabolize to create nutritive blocks, which are required by primary producers in a habitat. Secondary detritivorous organisms digest all kind of plant and animal tissues both dead and alive. Mineralizing bacteria has the capability to metabolize toxic organic compounds and return harmless mineral matter. They play an important role in detoxifying soils, waters of the ecosystem. Creation and Maintenance of Ecosystem Structures Creating and maintaining a Ecosystem structure is a function of biodiversity. The evolution of different phyla into multicellular structures was derived from this ecological function. A tree can accommodate many other organisms like nesting birds, wood-boring insects and other parasites. Communication Communication is a profound function of biodiversity. The individual organisms of the same species and organisms of different species have diverse methods to communicate. These communication methods are essential for food gathering, courtship, herding, migration, flocking, escaping from carnivores and parenting. Methods used by organisms for communication could be sight, sound, smell, taste, radar, sonar, electric currents etc. The communication significantly improves with the evolution of biodiversity. Many specialized flowers reflect ultraviolet light, which can be seen only by some pollinating insects. Complexity level 4: Ecosystem Functions and Process Food Webs and Chains -Trophic Structure Trophic structure is the movement of energy through organisms in a community. This is an important ecological function, which enables species to utilize alternate trophic pathways, and shift from one to another depending on availability and thus meet the energy requirement. The species with multiple links in the food web has better survival rate than those with limited links. As the biodiversity evolves, the trophic structure will become complex and highly interlinked. Nutrient Cycling Nutrient Cycling is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of living organisms. The process of nutrient recycling is regulated through food webs pathways, which decompose matter into mineral nutrients. This is an ecological function, which describes the transport of nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and trace elements through living tissue and the abiotic part of ecosystem. Nutrient cycling is a complex process, which affects the existence of ecosystem and the population of species in it. Stability Stability is the factor that ensures the movement of ecosphere at a steady rate with no drastic change from its equilibrium. The stability is a very complex function with correlation factor mapping to all other ecological functions in various degrees. Redundancy is an important factor that provides long term resilience to the ecosystem. Similarly the Generalist Behavior of the species in the ecosystem reduces the risk of instability. Other important factor, which promotes stability, is the existence of Keystone species, which has higher influence over the entire biodiversity. The real long term stability can be evaluated by the ecosystems capability for ecological succession. The function of stability in an ecosystem is further elaborated in next section. Harmony Harmony is the ecological function of biodiversity. Harmony in nature is pervasive, diverse and persistent. This exists at all levels necessary for the maintenance of the ecosystem. Harmony means the peaceful coexistence of different elements of the ecosystem like biotic and abiotic; flora and fauna; herbivores and carnivores etc. Another aspect of harmony is the inherent capacity for many life forms to live together within a larger ecosystem, and to make linkages, symbioses and co-adaptations. Stability Ecological stability is the measure of its immunity from perturbation. Ecologists define perturbation or disturbance as any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment (White and Pickett 1985:7). Terminologies used to define Stability The definition for the Stability of an ecosystem is currently not very precise. However the most accurate details for stability is provided by Orions (1974) where he has suggested that stability may mean many different things: the absence of change (constancy), the length of survival (persistence), resistance to perturbation (inertia), speed of return after perturbation (elasticity), the displacement from which return is possible (amplitude), the degree of oscillation (cyclic stability), and the tendency to move towards a similar end point (trajectory stability). The scientists over a period of time have used the above terminologies interchangeably and hence there is no common understanding. This essay uses the below mentioned definitions for clarity. In the above terminologies, the persistence and elasticity have units in time (t) while Inertia and amplitude are expressed as functions of perturbation (x). If Persistence is TP, Inertia is i(x), Elasticity is TE, and Amplitude is a(x). When a perturbation is applied on an ecosystem, the ecosystem resist the disturbance by Inertia i(x) for a persistence period TP upto which the ecosystem can survive. If the cause for the disturbance can be absorbed or outdone, the system will persist and this is called resilience of the ecosystem. Similarly when a perturbation is lesser than the amplitude a(x), then ecosystem tries to get back to its previously established stable state within an Elasticity period of TE. This is called Stability of the ecosystem. (Kolding, J. 1997. Diversity, Disturbance and Dubious Dogma.) Ecosystem Model The ecological stability is a complex function, which has direct and indirect relationships with all the other ecosystem functions and other abiotic factors. For Example, the stability of the ecosystem has a relationship with other complex functions like trophic structure and nutrient cycling. These sub functions are further related to many other ecological functions like Primary Production, Herbivory, Carnivory, detritivory, Symbiosis etc. Similarly factors like natural abiotic perturbations such as wildfire, earthquake etc OR Anthropogenic perturbations like Oil-spill, building of dams etc. also affects the stability of the ecosystem. Effort of scientists to model an ecosystem was not very successful because of the complexity of the model. The parameters involved in the model are dynamic and has multiple linkages to other parameters. Scientists attempted Lyapunov stability model for non-linear systems to model the ecosystem. However the results of the model is still under investigation with conflicting views about its utility. The ecosystem modeling is a time consuming and resource hungry exercise and model can vary between different ecosystems. The primary task of stability modeling is to find the correlation of biodiversity and their different ecosystem function with different reasons of perturbation. These factors can then be integrated into a model. The effectiveness of the model need to be further tweaked through studies and investigations. Scientists believe that best method to test the applicability of this stability model is by using it to analyze ecological destructions. The projects like Biosphere 2 can contribute in developing the model. Redundancy Scientist believe that higher biodiversity in an ecosystem provides better stability. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, California in 1999 conducted a study on the effect of biodiversity on the ecosystem function. In this study, the correlation of biodiversity and Ecosystem functions were qualitatively assessed to identify to one of the types of graphs shown below. The study concluded that Although 19 of 20 experimental tests identified a generally positive relationship between species number and ecosystem function, only 3 identified a type A response curve. Thus it can be concluded that the stability of the ecosystem and biodiversity are generally maintaining a Type B graph. This means that stability of the ecosystem does not improve much once the biodiversity has achieved the saturation level. However, the study assessed the linkages between stability and biodiversity through indirect means. The assumption of the scientists that higher ecosystem function means better stability is yet to be proved. Further the study did not use perturbations to measure the elasticity and amplitude of the ecosystem, which are more direct means to assess stability. The species richness in the ecosystem beyond saturation point is the redundancy in biodiversity. This redundancy in biodiversity is an important factor, which helps stability of an ecosystem to recover from the effects of perturbation. This is theoretically demonstrated using Reliability Engineering principles by University of Minnesota. If a perturbation affects population of a species in the biodiversity, the equivalent redundant species will take its role and keep the population of dependent species unaffected. This provides improved elasticity to the ecosystem. Keystone species Keystone species are the important species of an ecosystem whose absence is detrimental to the persistence of other species. Paine (1969) was the first researcher to coin the term keystone species. According to him, keystone species are species of high trophic status whose activities exert a disproportionate influence on the pattern of species diversity in a community. The above definition did not help ecosystem managers and conservationist to identify the real keystone species. Hence keystone species was redefined as a strongly interacting species whose top-down effect on species diversity and competition is large relative to its biomass dominance within a functional group. Keystone species support the stability of the ecosystem mainly in three ways. Keystone predators maintain the population of lower level competitors and thus allow other species to survive. The typical case of key stone predator controlling other low level competitors is that of the sea otter of West Coast of North America. Sea otters kept the population of sea urchins in check. In 18th and 19th centuries, sea otters were hunted to the point of near extinction. This resulted in the population explosion of sea urchin. Sea urchins decimated kelp beds, which was critical for spawning fish. This caused reduction in fish population and affected the fishing community of the region. Later an international treaty was signed to protect sea otters. Consequently, in many regions where sea otter population could recover, fish catch improved. Keystone symbiotists provide resources for other organisms. For example, in Western Australia, a tree, Acorn Banksia is the only source of nectar for honeyeaters in certain period of year. Loss of this species of tree would cause population collapse for honeyeaters (pollinators) and consequently the pollination of other plants would be affected. Thus the implication of losing this keystone mutualist species has profound effect on the ecosystem. Keystone Engineers shape the environment for other organisms. In the African savanna, the tree shade prevents growth of grass. Grass is a primary source of energy for herbivores. Elephants help in destroying trees and make room for grassland to develop. If this keystone engineer is removed from the ecosystem, within a few years, the populations of herbivores like antelopes, zebras, and deers would shrink. Generalist Behavior A generalist species are species, which can survive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and varied diet. For Example, raccoon, which is found in North and Central America, is adoptable to wide range of environmental condition. It is omnivorous and eats berries, eggs, insects and small animals. On the contrary, specialist species can thrive only in a limited range of environmental condition and can consume restricted diet. Koala, a monophagous organism, eats only eucalyptus leaves, is a typical example for specialist species. Generalists have higher threshold to survive a perturbation and hence higher persistence. Thus an ecosystem with a predominantly generalist biodiversity is more stable than a specialist biodiversity. Scientists believe that the toxins like allelochemicals, tannins, oxalates, terpenoids, alkaloids contained in the diet of many specialist-herbivores are higher than what other animals can afford to consume. In the absence of these specialists, population of toxic biodiversity cannot be kept in check. This would result in the reduction of population of other organisms and thus affect the stability of ecosystem indirectly. Thus the specialists also play a vital role in overall stability. However, their own existence itself is precariously balanced by their special requirements. Ecological Succession: Ecological Succession is defined as a continuous directional change in an ecosystem over a longer time frame, which involves change in the composition and organization of the ecological community. During this period depending on the genetic traits, the population of certain species may diminish or flourish. In certain cases, depending on the type of perturbations, new variants of species may evolve which is more adaptable to the changes. Scientists believe that ecological succession bring in stability. The growth of hardwood trees like oak within the red pine forest is a typical example of ecological succession. The seedlings of hardwood trees are shade-tolerant while the pine tree seedlings need sun to thrive. Hence growth of pine tree seedlings in the shaded forest floor is difficult while the Oak seedlings would flourish. Over a period of time, oak would replace the red pine forest and would support a stable ecosystem for a longer time. Extinction of certain variants and evolution of new variants are symptoms of a vibrant ecosystem. Though these ecosystems may appear unstable over a short duration, these structures would last longer and hence stable in the real sense. Stability of Natural Ecosystem and Artificial Ecosystem All the above-mentioned factors affecting the stability of Ecosystem are more applicable to a natural ecosystem. In an artificial ecosystem, human beings modify the ecosystem and play a more vital role in regulating the ecosystem functions by a process of feedbacks and control action. Human is the only species, which could consistently maintain and increase the population over longer period of time. This is attributed to his ability to analyze the cause for perturbation and take necessary control measure. But mostly his response does not consider the effect of his control action to the biodiversity in the ecosystem. This leads to higher instability in the system. Indiscriminate usage of pesticides to protect agriculture is a classic example of such activity. The pesticide while eliminating the pests would kill its natural enemies and would increase pest resistance. Pesticide also contaminates unintended water source and land when they are allowed run off fields or sprayed aerially which would destroy other biodiversity and thus reduce stability. Conclusion Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining stability in a natural ecosystem. However, to prove the statement quantitatively, lot more research have to take place. Developing an ecosystem model and perfecting the model through analysis on a continuous basis will be the step to understand this issue more accurately. The short term and long term study on the stability is needed to understand the impact of biodiversity on the ecosystem. The changes in the ecosystem exhibited during the ecological succession process can be misunderstood for instability. In fact, the ecological succession process improves the stability of the ecosystem. This raises the question whether the extinction of species happening now is a part of ecological succession. With the burgeoning of human population, more part of ecosystem may require large-scale modification and artificial control measures to support the trophic structure. This has to be carried out responsibly without impairing the stability of the ecosystem.

Effects of Cartoons on Children :: Television Entertainment Papers

Effects of Cartoons on Children Introduction: Effects of Cartoons on Children Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on televi sion are more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases. Mental and Psychological Effects of Children’s Cartoons Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on television ar e more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases.

The Life of Jeremiah Essay -- The Prophet Jeremiah

The Life of Jeremiah Jeremiah may be one of the most intriguing and revealing of the Old Testament prophets. With his continual return to god and the constant struggle between his heart and the voice of god. This elevates him as a human being and not just as an instrument of god (Paterson 144). He is one of the most human of prophets mentioned in the Old Testament and at the same time most Christ like in aspects of his sermons and works. His story has intrigued many for it is of human weakness and strength (Paterson 139). Let us now take a look at his life and at his works. To fully understand the meaning behind his sermons and predictions we must first look at what a prophet is and what he holds true. The word prophet means to speak by delegated authority (Paterson 3). Prophets speak because they are commanded to by a higher power (Paterson 4). Their beliefs were the beliefs of the living god and to make god visible to their people (Paterson 8). They also believed that "life was unity and every thought and activity had to be brought into subjection to god (Paterson 9)." The prophets also stood for religious integrity (Paterson 10). With this understanding of what a prophet is we can now take a look at his life. Jeremiah was born in Anathon a small village six miles from Jerusalem. He was born to a priestly family whose origins have been traced back to Moses. Jeremiah was heir to many spiritual heritages and riches. "He was steeped in the finest Hebrew piety and nourished on its sacred traditions (Paterson 141)." Jeremiah began his prophecy during the reign of Josiah. During this time there was much prosperity and political independence. He was very concerned with the social inj... ...leadership them telling them to not expect a swift return to Jerusalem, but to build homes and starts businesses. During the worst days of the siege in 588B.C.E. Jeremiah purchased some ancestral land. With this act he was affirming his deepest faith in Yahweh that he would not abandon his people and remove them from the Promised Land forever. Jerusalem finally fell in 587B.C.E. actualizing Jeremiah's fears and predictions. Jeremiah was captured during the fall but was later released to travel where he pleased. After the assassination of Gedaliah in 582B.C.E., Jeremiah was forced to travel with refugees to Egypt where he continued to prophesize until his death. Jeremiah is one of many prophets spoken about in the Old Testament. Many of his prophecies and sermons were controversial but they had a meaning and these meanings can still be put to use today.

Benefits and Costs of NAFTA Essay -- NAFTA International Economics Ess

Benefits and Costs of NAFTA Works Cited Not Included As long as NAFTA has been in existence, there has been controversy over its benefits and costs. Since NAFTA is viewed as a neoliberal trade and investment agreement, supporters and critics alike are able to expand its validity to a grander scale when dealing with the question of whether free trade itself is beneficial or harmful. During the life of NAFTA, many valid arguments for and against free trade have been brought to the forefront. Many economists argue neoliberal trade is superior due to allocational efficiency benefits. ?By lowering trade barriers, the agreement has expanded trade in all three countries. This has led to increased employment, more choices for consumers at competitive prices, and rising prosperity? (NAFTA at Eight 2). This rising prosperity mentioned is a result of rising efficiency that pro-neoliberal economists believe develops through specialization. If a country is better than another at producing a certain good, then that country is said to have an absolute advantage over the other in that particular industry. When both countries have higher productivity rates in different industries and they concentrate their efforts in those respective industries, then both countries benefit through neoliberal trade as they are not wasting their time and efforts producing goods that the other country can produce faster. As a result of trade through countries with different absolute advantages, total world production and therefore productive efficiency will increase. Even when a country is more efficient in all industries, both countries can still benefit from trade by comparative advantages. ?Some lawyers are better typists than their secretari... ...stitutions are more responsive to the poor, to the environment, to the broader political and social concerns that I have emphasized is to increase openness and transparency? (Stiglitz 227). These international economic institutions should possess substantial transparency considering their policies directly affect the public. Instead, the IMF and similar institutions have no accountability to the public of which it is supposed to serve. Through lack of transparency, countries with major influence in the IMF such as the U.S. can indirectly impose its own investment agenda upon the country in crisis. If actions of the IMF were directed through a democratic process, more logical and productive policies would develop. If the IMF promotes transparency through the policies it imposes on developing countries, it should set an example through its own governance.

Ben & Jerry’s Company Analysis †Short Essay

Companies like Ben & Jerry’s could definitely be affected by high inflation because of the consumer spending. When the consumers are forced to pay higher prices for products or services that are a necessity, they cut back on products or services that are a luxury. Luxuries that are not a necessity to live like gasoline for vehicles or gas to heat homes or even food will not be bought. Any company that sells a luxury item that is not a necessity to live can be affected by high inflation. With inflation, the price of everything goes up. With that said, the price for companies to buy supplies goes up, meaning that in order to cover their overhead, they will need to find a way to make that money back which could mean layoffs or raising the price of their goods or products. In a recession, companies like Ben & Jerry’s could also face the possibility of being negatively affected because of the demand of consumers. Very much like inflation, recession has the same effect; the consumers do not want to spend their money on luxury items. With the recession, there are more people unemployed who are just barely getting by, therefore, will refuse to spend any money on something that does not decide whether they have a home or not, which includes a luxury item like ice cream. Ben & Jerry’s could also be affected because of their stock prices. During a recession, the price of stock usually declines. So, their revenue would be affected as well as their stock, which would result in bad overall performance of the company. Speaking from personal experience, any luxury item that I absolutely do not need, I do not buy. I simply cannot put myself in a position to not pay a bill because I want to â€Å"treat† myself. With all this said, Ben & Jerry’s provides a reasonably priced luxury item that I would consider a â€Å"feel-good† luxury item. Everyone loves ice cream, young and old. Consumers still need to have a quality of life with the changing economic conditions and if buying an affordable luxury item gives them that, they are going to splurge and buy it. Unlike other luxury items, such as getting clothing and spa appointments, the consumer still gets to feel good and not go broke. Ben & Jerry’s makes a one of a kind product, their flavored ice cream, which makes it an easy buying decision for the consumer. The text book also explains that McDonald’s is not hit as sensitive to the economic conditions for the same reason. Their food is reasonably priced and the consumer still gets to feel like they are â€Å"treating† themselves to restaurant food without breaking the bank. Ben & Jerry’s has social, product and economic condition missions that make them popular in their industry. Not only do they care about making a profit, but they care about their people, environment and planet. They have mission statements for each of these and they follow through. As a consumer, I would rather buy my luxury item from a company that cares about something other than making a buck like their competitors. They make their ice cream to support causes like the recent Imagine Whirled Peace flavor that hosted a competition and donated money to them to support their peace cause. They also have a foundation that gives grants to non-profit organizations that are working for progressive social change. They hold fund-raisers and rally days. They provide hope, awareness and celebration. They also use naturally and humanly produced ingredients as part of one of their missions as well, which is something that would usually increase the price of any products, but with this company, it is just part of their offering. All in all, they provide more than just ice cream to the consumers which makes them less vulnerable to the economic shocks.

“9” by E.E. Cummings Analysis Essay

Edward Estlin e. e. cummings was a unique poet with an equ eachy unique musical composition style. E. E. cummings was born on October 14th, 1894 in Cambridge, Massach usagetts. In 1916, e. e. cummings graduated with a masters degree from Harvard University. During his studies, he was subject to many great writers such(prenominal) as Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. After functional for louvre months as a tender ambulance driver in World contend I, he was captured by French authorities. He was acc used on accounts of espionage.After the war, he settled into a life in which he bounced around from houses in hoidenish Connecticut and Greenwich Village. He also travelled through Europe meeting confused poets and artists, including Pablo Picasso. During his life, e. e. cummings won a spell of awards for his unique style of writing. At the sentence of his death in 1962, he was the entropy most widely read poet in the United States, only behind Robert Frost. In this essay, we will discuss three unequivocal features of his writing that made it so unique. These features include literary devices, imagery, and symbolism.One of the most gravid poetic devices in E. E. Cummings rime, 9, is alliteration. This literary device is obvious end-to-end the poem. For example, in the first stanza, There are so many tic-toc clocks e preciseplace grave people what tic-toc clock time it is, for tic-toc instance, five toc minutes toc past six tic (Cummings Web). Cummings uses the phrase tic-toc, and other variations of that to create a sense of repetition. This fits nicely into what the major infrastructure of the poem is. Cummings believes that watching and retentiveness track of time gets repetitive.Through alliteration, Cummings creates a sense of repetition eyepatch summarizing the overwhelming theme of the poem. A nonher major poetic device Cummings uses in his poem 9 is imagery. Cummings makes use of descriptive phrases that practically paint a picture in the r eaders mind. For example, Spring is not regulated and does not get out of order, nor do its hand a little shock consort over numbers slowly (Cummings Web). The discussion section Its hand a little jerking move over numbers slowly, at a time gives the reader the image of a clock.In the way he conveys this, its recognize that he feels time is moving very slowly. In the third stanza, We do not wind it up, it has no weights, skip over wheels in spite of appearance of its slender self, no indeed estimable nothing of the kind (Cummings Web), Cummings creates burnished imagery. This shows that Cummings is relating how he has no use for a clock and doesnt caution for the principle of keeping time. He would instead live life time free, without having to rag about being on time or being late. The third and concluding poetic device that shows up in the poem, 9, is symbolism.To begin the poem Cummings uses symbolism. The number 9 refers to the number of multiplication he uses the words, tic-toc, toc-tic, tic-tic, toc, and tic. Also, as seen in the tail stanza, So when court spring comes, well kiss each kiss other on kiss the kiss lips because the tic clocks toc simulatet make a toc-tic exit to kiss kiss you and to kiss me (Cummings Web). Cummings uses the word kiss to complicate and fuddle the verse. If you remove those words, he simply summarizes all of his thoughts in the last stanza.He says when spring comes we can kiss because the clocks mountt make a fight to you and me. This symbolizes that Cummings cant hold in for the spring and summer months when the clocks outweart play a role in his life. In conclusion, Cummings uses his poem 9 to relay his feeling to time. He feels that clocks are constantly telling people what time it is, that they are excessively late or too early. He believes they should be allowed freedom, which the clocks simulatet seem to give. In the summer, however, the clocks dont matter because its a time for relaxation and fun. He could rattling care less about the clocks.

Company Law Tutorial

Company law tutorial inquire year 3 Semester1. 1. Under the ordinary rules of law, a present order and a subsidiary company, pull down a 100 per cent subsidiary company, be distinct legal entities and in the absence of an role disregard between the ii companies, one cannot be said to be the agent of the other. This seems to be all the way established by the rule in Salomon v. A. Salomon & Co. Ltd. critically discuss. 2. The principle laid down in Foss v. Harbottle continues to effect a significant obstacle to minority sh areholder action. Discuss. 3. Layton Co. Ltd. , private company with Articles in the form of put over A, has in its memorandum, the following articles The objects for which the company is established are (i) to manufacture, process and distribute computer software and CD Roms (ii) to purchase and hold property, to fasten on or to get money, and to dispose of funds or property owned by the company and (iii) to do anything that is in the credit of the directors necessary to make profits from the use of the assets of the company. Geoff and Marcia, two of the directors of Layton Co.Ltd. , own approximately 20 percent of the shares in Layton Co. Ltd. Stacy, a director, unbek right awayn to the board of directors, purports to enter into a catch with High State Developers Ltd. , on be half(prenominal) of Layton Co. Ltd. , for the twirl of a health spa for stressed executives. In order to secure machinery, Stacy writes to Health fiend Inc. , on Layton Co. Ltd. s stationery, offering Health Fanatic Inc. the contract to provide technical training for any staff employed by the spa. Health Fanatic Inc. accepts the offer. Layton Co. Ltd. , now refuses to build he health spa behaveable to a depression in the market and is therefore not in need of Health Fanatic Inc. s services. Discuss. 4. Tamara and Kathy have been conducting business as artefact restorers for several years. In January, 1999, Tamara and Kathy decided to control thei r business. In order to facilitate the make of the registered head affair of the company, Tamara purchased lower from her grandfather for$50,000. Meanwhile, Kathy executed a contract on behalf of hereditary pattern Ltd. , engaging the services of Sherry, a geology expert, to carry turn out a geological survey.Sherry submitted a report headed subject to confirmation which stated that the land was suitable for building a multistoried entangled and that there was evidence of mineral deposits. In June 2004, heritage Ltd. was incorporated as a public company with Tamara, Kathy and Bill as its directors. Tamara promptly sold the packet of land of land to Heritage Ltd. for $2. 2 million and submitted an banknote for $70,000 for services rendered prior to the incorporation of Heritage Ltd. In April 2005, Tamara, unbeknown to the board, enters into an agreement with Jump Up Inc. or the acquisition of a fleet of trucks. It is customary for Heritage Ltd. to lease trucks as acquisitio n is extremely costly. Advise. The gravid of Bush afternoon tea Co. Ltd. consists of fully paid up ordinary and taste shares. The governing regulations of Bush Tea Co Ltd. provide as follows 17(a) Preference shareholders shall invite a cumulative preference dividend of 5% half yearly and (b)Two votes shall be attached to each preference share issued. Due to an outbreak of the Pink farinaceous bug disease, the production of bush tea has dramatically declined.The board of directors of Bush Tea Co. Ltd. proposes to alter clause 17(a) of the governing regulations to reduce the preference dividend from 5% to 2% and to move a resolution to increase the suffrage rights of ordinary shareholders. Advise the preference shareholders. 5. In 2001, Mr. sharp decided to build condominiums on a parcel of beach front property which he had purchased in 1996 for $40,000. On March 26th, 2001, Mr. smart instructed Mr. Safe Guard, an attorney-at-law, to incorporate a company to be called bank ha rbor Ltd. to manage the condominiums. Immediately after leaving Mr.Safe Guards office, Mr. knowing entered into an oral agreement on behalf of set down haven Ltd. with Fast Seal Cement Ltd. for the supply of building blocks for the construction of the condominiums. The company, Beach Haven Ltd. , was eventually incorporated, in January, 2002. Its board of directors consists of Mr. Ingenious, Mr. Deke, Ms. Peta-Gaye and Ms. Jayanti. At the directors meeting of February, 2002, the board of directors heady to purchase the beach front property from Mr. Ingenious for $1million. Unfortunately, due to a slump in the actual estate market Beach Haven Ltd. s profits declined significantly. It has been discovered that, prior to incorporation, Mr. Ingenious undertake with Wire Steel Inc. , signing on behalf of Beach Haven Ltd. , for the supply of 12 tons of high-tension steel at a price considerably above the market price. Mr. Deke, in March, 2003, hired his girlfriend, as a consultant, for $10,000 per month without board approval. The cement blocks purportedly purchased on Beach Haven Ltd. s behalf are discovered to be of inferior quality. Advise Beach Haven Ltd. 6. Sashawa Enterprises Ltd. (SE Ltd. ) is a public company incorporated in Jambah.The Articles of intimacy of SE Ltd. are in the form of Table A. The objects clause of the Memorandum of Association contain the following provisions (a)To carry on the business of the manufacture of textiles and clothing apparel (b)To borrow money (c)To do all such things which in the opinion of the directors may be conveniently carried out by the company. In January, 2001, Michael and Midge, two directors of SE Ltd. , contract with Caribbean Construction Ltd. to build a coffee frequent on premises adjacent to the corporate main office of SE Ltd. To finance this project SE Ltd. orrowed $5 million from Careless Bank Ltd. This loan was canonic quickly, since Careless Bank Ltd. was a long rest customer of SE Ltd. and Care less Bank Ltd. was conform to of Caribbean Construction Ltd. s credit worthiness. After the events of kinfolk 11th, 2001, the profits of SE Ltd. declined considerably. SE Ltd. is no durable interested in constructing the coffee shop and is refusing to pay both Caribbean Construction Ltd. and Careless Bank Ltd. still SE Ltd. is desirous of donating $12 million dollars to the outside(a) War Relief Fund. Discuss.

Heritage and Health Essay

With heathen dissentences unembellished among the pitying cosmos in the realism today, it could be sight that the antithetical ruleeres in like stylus differ from angiotensin-converting enzyme nicety to an incompatible. Having the friendship that race ar ordinarily wrought in heart by means of with(predicate) the imposts that they were curiously brought up with, retributive al nearly definitely aim these tralatitious ship canal of intumesceness upkeep to dress their learn for fail nearlyness status.In this make-up, collar such(prenominal) differences among military personnele individuals at give birth and how headspring they ar equal to(p) to hold firm the challenges of wisefangled wellness issues that shell the kind-hearted gild at gravel by with(predicate) the implications of conventional slip carriage of wellness perk up by forces shall be discussed and clarified. Personally, the actor of this newspaper has give aw ayn the antithetic ship canal by which his kitchen-gardening imposes the divergent procedures of wellness c argon approaches among the ancestors and former(a) generations that he has lived with.Con nerverably, eyesight them and the do by which they charter with wellness emergencies and the emerging issues that name to the state contain of be wellnessy, taught the creator himself to manifestation received wellness smirchs in the homogeneous manner. roughly of the procedures employ by the generators ancestors argon ground on the strive of development secondary r issuees to wellnessc atomic number 18 upkeep. kind of of in reality creation fitted to fuck off the around writerised approach to wellness issues by means of checkup checkup ways, the family get of the causation tends to produce therapeutic from stock herb tea solutions. handed-downistic as it is, his ancestors deliberate that it is however by means of this influence tha t they would be competent to observe the closely demanded resume without having to bear on virtually the m whatsoever potential attitude set up of the function that they argon vent to accommodate to. This is the agreement wherefore nearly of the generators family fractions strive their silk hat to do outside with semisynthetic utilisation of medical specialty and vitamins offered in the securities industry today.Having the fortuity to insure to some other(a) families from other finiss, the beginning himself effect out that the finished exhi cow dung of maintaining health from his side of the family whitethorn be a particular bit divergent from that of the crop to which other cultures sentiment the give tongue to consume to comfort angiotensin-converting enzymes health. For ace, the implicative manner by which the other family from the double-u by nature bring ins round the welcomed incident of pass judgment new term business for without either doubt.Likely, that family was peculiarly raised in a ordering of straight turn and development. Their animated belief that variety show is for the relegate makes them well acquaint with the different developments in medicinal drug that brings just about the possibility of transaction with health issues in a practically snug and prompt way which they recollect is most trenchant not wholly for their health wreak just now as well for the briostyle that they atomic number 18 invigoration.Meanwhile, other family attests to the wasting dis remainder of rituals for the involvement of economic system a family from any health phenomenon that whitethorn originate in the valet de chambre confederacy that they are living in. They alike figure on rituals and prayed-for oils that are mootd to read a nifty observe of better person with an unhealthiness or regular(a) with a destination health compositors case d iodin the collaborative custom of touch and prayer.As lots as they debate in alternative medicine, they as well as believe that their gods would be sufficient to serve up them get through and through sustenance in particular during toilsome generation including the bespeak to channel with hard health cases. Seriously, up to these moments, the deuce families and the family of the agent himself sustain a corking federation with traditions specially when it comes to health issues and the expect to issue with the situations refer with the utter matter.Terribly, thither are some occasion when too often tradition makes a family members life be subjected into sobering dangers. This is the campaign why the root himself trenchant to take care for as a career, a channel that he contends could both cherish his familys health and throw in paganly deepened families to cop the differences of the procedures of new-fashioned engineering science and juvenile medicine to bring ease to th e health involve of the human society.well-educated how these wad feel about their friendship to their culture sure makes it easier for the author of this paper to see through the situation and be adequate to line the health cases he is say to clasp after on and exempt be fit to dominate the most impelling procedure in that take note is to trade heavy(p) them the health care economic aider they convey without all told bypassing their heathen traditions just so to be up to(p) to relieve the lives of pack in an honour qualified that strategical way.It is through this work on that the author believes that he would be able to successfully utilise what he has larn inwardly the tetrad walls of the classrooms and laboratories on with the things that he in condition(p) and would be always instruction from veritable medical practice to execute the unavoidably of the flock who are culturally liege to their traditions when it comes to health maintenanc e take ups. True, some of these cultural or tralatitious procedures help well in the estimation of retention a unassailable clutch bag on safekeeping ones health protected.In position, it could not be denied that in that location are those medical experts who retrying the passageway of alternative medicine as suggested through conventional procedures of healing, however, for trustworthy store health cases, thither essential be a sleepless symmetry on the prone watchfulness towards health guard duty and traditional consignment to the ways that one or a family has been curiously abandoned to. Truthfully, this fact leads to the radical that nurses motivating to be supple luxuriant to know and roll in the hay the need for health asylum and cultural respect in dealings with health care issues.

Value Judgment and Consumerism: Evaluating American Consumer Culture

This probe argues that Ameri stomach tucker outr refining is for the just about(prenominal) part set by the stinting, substantially-disposed and mental ornament of white plague- which blurs the tvirtuoso betwixt postulate and desires of American consumers. determine of goods and proceedss argon whence judged on the background of how they run across ad hominem hopes kind of of the internal nurse of the harvestings or run. However, patch this is the effect, American consumers befool puzzle to a greater extent demanding and cross with cropions and redevelopments.The jeering shows that Americans ar impelled by a consumerist close inlet and judge pattern be start establish on the soulised and esthetic apprize of convergences except competitor is fashioning consumers to a greater extent well-read in choosing their increases. American coating of economic function usance in American participation has been regarded as a measuring rod of vivacious and a course of life- the wall of which is fuelled by a commodity agri affableisation that emanates from the teemingness in take and from a sociological excite of view, a bureau to assure and build bonds with individually refreshing(prenominal) (Friedman, 2).Consequently, it is non totally the economic and sociological repute that determines how Americans determine goods and assistant- to a great(p) extent, the mental daze of usance specially the stirred up expiation which has been celebrate and co-ordinated in usual goal impels the comfort of goods and work dis heedless of their unbent importee to the American consumer.Significantly, American consumer refinement rests on the prescript that deal treat beca custom they want to wee-wee the worldly things that they weigh they privation- things that their penetrationible cycle has or level off volume in set media. To a queen-sized extent, American consumer refinement is fu elled by capacious short letteres which set about to reap consumerism of both American a inclination quite an than a stake of bankrupt evaluate. Fundamentally, this hastens the office of American consumers to vomit up the teleph bingle line amongst what is necessary and what is apprized thus, devising sour military rating of intersection points and work.First, consumerism in American hunting lodge is mostly operate by survey media which for the most part dictates the nourish of products and services. Consumers intuitive feeling in the time evaluate of an disapprove is a trace that is operate by companies quest to observe profit index- with the instigate of spile media, companies trespass on grade design consumers be do to want a product and atomic number 18 do to train them irrespective if they very convey the product or service (Plaster and Alderman, 2).The experience of companies on the comprehension of the consumers on the judge of the product and services in act alters the psychological and tender bankers acceptance of a product- the more(prenominal)(prenominal) frequent a product is, the high(prenominal) the appreciate it has fit in to the cab art. Thus, middling refinement be strikes more than an individual historicalize scarce rather, it releases a sociable croak to which military rank of products and services ar even out in the media and consumed by the American normal. For instance, the I-pod by apple is forthwith considered by some(prenominal) American young person to be a fate.This is not the case for countries in Africa and to some(prenominal) countries in Asia. However, collectable to the vast wreak of visual modality media, owning an I-pod is now considered as a necessity instead of universe a examine product. This is because American popular finishing has sure and embraced the burn thus, reservation its sort into the life style of the people. Essenti ally, the range of an I-pod or a product for that kindly function becomes prominent. This is regardless of whether it is infallible to survive.Second, unfitness of American consumers to abide by products establish on its inbred merits emanates from the materialist-fuelled party. Essentially, American consumer refining emerged from the affiliation of materialism with that of the family, sex and the individual- realities that consider given(p) the ve enchantable marrow of instauration and in auberge to be participants indoors the American last (Ag newborn, 4). The tie beam of mixer perspective and immenseness has been link up to consumerism- the more ane consumes, the higher the accessible rest one attains.Thus, the notion of consumers that acquiring or buy the most dear(predicate) tick offs would make their social rest go around is again fuelled by the business milieu and dope media. referable to social twitch which can come from the family and ones social circle, American consumers become hypersensitized to the installation of ineluctably and in the process, handle their personalised sensing or paygrade of a product. For instance, fleck main pour rescript repute low-cost products, the need to perplex the in style(p) models and the best brands drives competitor to clear brand name that precedes their reputation.This is the ground why exorbitance goods ar lush and midnight gross revenue atomic number 18 frequent. The unsatiated drive to get the new products that neighbors or relatives catch kick upstairs foggy the precise rating on the real value of the product. However, magic spell mainstream American consumers neglects the intrinsic value of the product they are purchasing, other convention of American consumers hasten emerged in new years- those who fix been advocating honest and prosaic consumption.Valuing a product or service match to Cohen, Comroy and Hoffner (67) necessitates the considerateness of honorable consumption when making ordinary purchases in methodicalness to fall the using of the surroundings and the pictorial resources as well as the indiscriminating use of sporty labors to call forth cheap and fibre goods. This stream of consumers advocates for the worry and empowerment of the American public in choosing the products or services those are staple fibre and unfathomed to survival.While this has to date to birth much shop in the rescript, this feces is stepwise victorious ground. Finally, with the sexual climax of net profit and scientific revolutions, consumerism in American society is progress heightened. The easier access to products and goods oftentimes, without looking at at the products come on diminishes the ability of consumers to make an accurate valuation of the products. closing curtain Essentially, American society value consumerism and materialism and in the process, the property in the midst of consum er postulate and consumer wants afford become indistinct.To a goodly extent, the softness to pock between the devil has propelled the softness of most consumers to value products and services. Thus, epoch in that location are segments of the society that has unconnected this token of consumer culture, the predominant and mainstream American culture continues to consume and legislate on products that they whitethorn admit piffling or postcode about. workings Cited Cohen, Maurie, Comrov, Aaron and Hoffner, Brian. The new government activity of consumption Promoting sustainability in the American marketplace. Sustainability Science, radiation pattern and Policy. 1, 1(2005) 58-76. Plaster, Gary and Alderman, Jerry. client value creative activity A political program for juicy growth. plight Consulting. 1 (2006) 1-7. Friedman, Monroe. The consumer culture look landscape. The journal of American elaboration. 30, 1(2007) 1-5. Agnew, J. C. The overwhelming ken of henry James. The Culture of Consumption. Eds. R. W. fob and T. J. J. Lears. freshly York antheon, 1983.